Essay on The Enlightenment Movement - 1041 Words

The 18th-century Enlightenment was an era that symbolized the desire to change social order of Europe citizens. The Church was thought to have been the source of truth and condemned any person that went against it, but people were beginning to think separately and independently from the Church. Thinkers of the Enlightenment provided new ideas based on reason, science, and valued humanity. In addition, writers of the Enlightenment intended to alter the relationship of people and government. Although many welcomed the Enlightenment, five movements reacted against the ideas of the era. Conservatism was a reaction against the Enlightenment because it reflected ideas based on tradition and hierarchy. The ideas of Liberalism were built on the†¦show more content†¦He asserted that, â€Å"the bill of rights was for the men who wrote and the people of England should have no parts in it† (Burke, Paras. 25-29). The ideals of Liberalism were based on the belief that there should be equal opportunities for everyone afforded by set laws (as long as they remained individual). Liberalists stressed the importance of maintaining a system of government that served as an entity to create and enforce laws. Because of the aforementioned, it is safe to say that the parties of this movement desired a group of law makers who represented dominant groups. Economic Liberalism was included in the realm of the movement and to elaborate on the ideas, Adam Smith published The Wealth of Nations, in 1776. In this publication Smith promoted free trade, which was the reverse of mercantilism. Liberalism catered to those in the middle class however, ideas the Enlightenment were meant to encompass everyone and increase prosperity. As the lower class became more privy to information, it provided more opportunities to learn and increase knowledge and wealth. Nationalism represents a political creed in which the people offer their supreme allegiance to a nation-state. It underlies the cohesion of modern societies and legitimizes a nations assertions of authority over the lives of its inhabitants (encyclopedia.com). This definition clarifies how the nationalist ideologies were a reactionShow MoreRelatedEnlightenment And The Enlightenment Movement1317 Words   |  6 Pagesformulated by Rousseau during the Enlightenment movement. The Enlightenment movement in France was a product of the Scientific Revolution, a period in which there were new developments in politics, religion, and science which led to new governmental ideas, new religions, and new scientific advances. As France felt the full force of the Enlightenment movement, Frenchmen worked towards reforming the structures that initially bound and supported France before the Enlightenment period. These reforms createdRead MoreEnlightenment And The Enlightenment Movement In The 18th Cen tury975 Words   |  4 PagesEnlightenment is a concept that promoted individual rational logic and thinking as more valuable than traditional. The enlightenment thinkers rejected the old assumption about everything and committed to things that could be demonstrated through scientific experimentation. They are loosely organized intellectual movement, egalitarian, liberal, rationalist, secular, and impartial in both values and outlook. In the longer term standpoint, the enlightenment can be taken to the last phase of the cumulativeRead MoreThe Feminist Movement Of The 18th Century Enlightenment Movement1417 Words   |  6 Pagesof the community-based society saw their values being displaced and those who fought for the self-centric changes they felt were necessary and right clashed over differing values. A prime example of this would be the feminist movement of the 18th Century Enlightenment movement; women were fighting to be perceived as equals, and they often conveyed ideas o n their society and their positions in it though literature. In Mary Robinson’s satirically ironic The Natural Daughter, she does just that by narratingRead MoreWomen s Influence On The Enlightenment Movement Essay1501 Words   |  7 Pagesartist’s workshop crew, there is little documentation or representation of women as the artists or artisans in the writings and illustrations from The Encyclopà ©die, which represents one of France’s greatest contributions and influences on The Enlightenment movement. Though a majority of the illustrative plates of the Encyclopà ©die do not include any people, as the plates are mostly diagrams about anatomy, scientific concepts, machines, instruments and tools, those that do have people at work portray themRead MoreThe Intellectual Movement of Enlightment828 Words   |  3 PagesThe intellectual movement of Enlightenment was a very intricate movement that was centralized on the concepts of progression, reasoning, and the s cientific method. The Enlightenment thinkers believed they could implement some of these ideas to create a better influence towards societies and people. These ideas changed how humanity viewed the government, politics, and society. Although each philosopher had their own individual concept, they all centered on the themes of equality and freedom. ThomasRead MoreThe Age Of Enlightenment By Francois Marie Arouet1082 Words   |  5 PagesThe Age of Enlightenment was a time of philosophical movements and new ways of thinking that prevailed in Europe and spread all over the world in the 18th century. This era saw the rise of many writers and philosophers that are still recognized and praised today. Goals like tolerance, reason, progress, and the removal of the injustices of church and state were prominent in works by Enlightenment thinkers. Although they shared similar goals, methods to accomplish them were varied. Writers broughtRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Enlightenment1471 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophies of Enlightenment, will impact the future. Historical figures such as Robespierre heading the Great Assembly will drive change in culture through the revolution, in hopes of achieving enlightened societies. The 18th century marks the beginning of modern history. The French revolution playing a role in furthering Enlightenment, will led to a chain of events that will change the course of the future and modernize the world through the intellectual and revolutionary movements. The forceRead MoreEssay On The Enlightenment1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe Enlightenment The Enlightenment was a time of great reform in ideas and knowledge. It was such an important part of history, that it took many people and many years to fully bring it into play. This time in life was all about change, such as the education of women, the separation of science and church, and the freedom to learn without government censorship. Someone people were on board with the movement, but others fought against the great ideals of Enlightenment. Although, it is sure that withoutRead MoreThe Great Awakening And Enlightenment991 Words   |  4 Pages The ages of Great Awakening and Enlightenment were two of the earliest movements in the early colonies. These movements proved that people can be influenced in many different ways in relation to politics and religion. The Great Awakening called for the revival of the evangelical movement, while the age of Enlightenment took the focus off of the traditional church and dared colonists to apply individualistic views of religion, thus birthing many new religious denominations that challenged traditionalRead MoreAn Analysis of Candide Story by Voltaire1347 Words   |  6 PagesOptimism† was written in the enlightenment era. Voltaire story is published in The Norton Anthology of Western Literature. Voltaire’s character, Pangolss, is a philosopher who teaches about God morals. Pangolss is also a mentor to Candide, who is the main character of the novel. Candide has a good heart but is also feel s very hopeless in life. Pangloss takes Candide under his wing and teaches hi m that â€Å"best of all possible worlds.† The enlightenment movement is seen closely in Voltaire writing

Religion, Acceptance, And Social Change - 1209 Words

Throughout time, the views of homosexuality throughout a country can change. Whether its religion, acceptance, laws, or social change, the views will evolve. Greece serves as an example of a country that was once accepting of homosexuality, but is slowly progressing to not be as accepting. In Ancient Greece, homosexual relationships occurred regularly between an older man, and a younger child. As stated on pbs.org,† Traditionally these relationships involved an older man and a youth and lasted until the youth reached full adulthood. Thereafter this type of relationship was frowned upon because physical love was perceived as always involving one person in a position of submission, something that was unacceptable for a full Greek citizen.† In Ancient Greece, homosexuality wasn’t much of an issue because of gender, it was an issue based on age. The acceptance of homosexuality throughout Ancient Greece has made a sharp turn in modern day Greece. Although there are curr ently no laws against gay marriage, there are no laws that protect homosexuals. For example, households where the main head is a homosexual couple’s do not have the same rights to protection as compared to couples that are heterosexual. Greece has experienced a turning point on their stance regarding homosexuality. A concept that was once highly accepted and viewed as common is now beginning to be looked down upon. Hate crime against homosexuals in Greece has begun to increase. As Fragkiska Megaloudi wrote on theShow MoreRelatedHate Crime Essay1551 Words   |  7 Pagessexually identify differently than the average American are viewed as unnatural, resulting in the hate crimes meant to punish the LGBT community. Furthermore, to aid the unjust treatment, others must vocalize their acceptance. For example, activist rallies and marches have inspired change. According to The Atlantic, not only did they lead to the formation of the same-sex marriage law, but they have also impacted people’s views (Ball). The witnessing of others who accept LGBT people influences the generalRead MoreAnglican Adherence From 1947 to 20111696 Words   |  7 Pageshaving ‘no religion’ if this applied to you. Why and how has this category changed since 1947? Between 1947 and 1971, even if you did not practice your religion it was still expected that you would identify yourself as being a part of your/ your family’s religion. In 1947 the ‘no religion’ category made up only 0.3% of religious affiliation in Australia. A change in social values and attitudes has since seen a dramatic increase in people identifying as belonging to ‘no religion’ with theRead MoreHomophobia. A Word That Has Been Thrown Around For A While,1464 Words   |  6 PagesSports† from Gays and Lesbians (2005), the author speaks about homophobia in sports and the causes of it. There are a few, more prominent, causes of homophobia in the black community, such as: the strong influence of religion in black communities, people’s reluctance towards change and acceptance/ignorance and hyper masculinity. In his online article, Reynolds begins speaking of the highly popular television series, Empire, a show that depicts the harsh and ugly truth of homophobia. He then goes on to talkRead MoreThe Current Social And Political Climate On Australia Is The Corollary Of The Postmodern Age And Globalisation771 Words   |  4 PagesThe current social and political climate in Australia is the corollary of the postmodern age and globalisation. Postmodernity ushered in the notion of multiplicity, the destruction of universal truths and hybridity of identity and, â€Å"a more chaotic social landscape full of fluid identities and diverse social groups,† (Ward, 2003, p. 174). This was in stark contrast to the homogeneity of modernity. Modernity was built upon the concepts of universal truths, utopian visions and rationalism. This destructionRead MoreComparing Waves of Immigrants in Joseph Healey’s â€Å"From Immigrants to White Ethnics827 Words   |  3 Pagesto the others. Included in this group were the â€Å"English, Germans, Norwegians, Swedes, Welsh, French, Dutch and Danes† (Healey, 2012, p. 56). This acceptance was due in part to the similarities that the dominate group held as ideals such as their religion, along with cultural values and characteristics. If the Northern and Western Europeans found acceptance difficult, individuals from Ireland and the Europeans from the south and east had an even more traumatic experience. Whereas the more accepted groupRead MoreThe Baha I Faith1337 Words   |  6 Pages The Baha’i faith is a modern day cornerstone of equality and religious acceptance. They believe that all other religions are valid and preach religious acceptance. They strongly believe that if wars are fought over religion it’s better to be without religion as a whole. Religion is intended to unite humanity. The temples are places for prayer and reflection, which allows the individual to make a personal connection to god without the need to connect through clergy or a priest. They also maintainRead MoreEssay on Addiction: Suffering, acceptance, and change1644 Words   |  7 Pagesas I am, then I can change (see http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/c/carl_rogers.html). Many modern approaches to addiction recovery utilize a dialectical model to examine the change process. Third wave behavioral therapies such as Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), along with mindfulness meditation (MM), and the 12 Step Recovery mode l of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) use a dialectic based on acceptance of what is and change to what can be. TheseRead MoreSchool Should Be A Place Of Unification Between People And Religion1212 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween people and religion where students can grow into one society. In reality, students turn against, and this disables classmates to bring tout the best of a person. School becomes a fighting ground between religion freedoms in rights as a response to the outrage of the students. The First Amendment preserves the freedom of religion and speech, but people are being restricted of their religious rights. The founding fathers of America tried to create a Constitution where no religion is persecuted.Read MoreThe Edict Of Milan As A Form Of Betrayal882 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Roman Empire in the year 313. This order marked the acceptance for the Christian faith within the Roman Empire after decades of persecution. Its issuance led to Christianity becoming the dominant fait h in the Roman Empire, as well as the most widely practiced religion in the world today. Unfortunately the end of the persecution of Christians was cause for the persecution of pagans, resulting in cultural, political, and scientific changes. The authors of Civilizations Past PresentRead MoreIdentity Of American Identity1101 Words   |  5 Pagesunalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness established over two centuries ago by the nation’s forebearers. Being American is about anticipating change and being provided with the environment to dream. Americans have dreamed of a more equal union, where Women obtain the right to vote and African Americans are social equals. The country’s images of Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller inspire the American dream, where individuals are not satisfied with their socioeconomic standing

Globalization and Importance of Strategic Management - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Globalization and Importance of Strategic Management. Answer: Introduction The topic selected for my study is manufacturing sector. After reading a general article on attraction and retention in public sector, this topic was selected for annotated bibliography to make a comprehensive research on the topic. Articles related to UK public sector and Australia public sector shows that almost every country experiences attraction and retention difficulties in their public sectors. Challenges as compared to labour market in other public sector seem persistent in manufacturing sector. Also, maintaining sustainable position globally proves to be more to difficult for present management in manufacturing units. Therefore, making a detailed research on present problem in manufacturing sector becomes necessary which will be done in this annotated bibliography after reviewing current peer reviewed journal articles. This article examines different roles and processes of employers and HR departments to bring success in organisations. The changing requirements of businesses have made HR of the companies think about development of their organisation in systematic manner thereby keeping in mind about future challenges associated with development processes. This article states various challenges that are usually met by HR of manufacturing companys along with ways under which precautionary steps in progress can be taken. The purpose of the article is to consider human resource department roles while making plans for firms payroll, communication process with management and other administrative works. The research methodology undertaken in this article is a survey made of jobs in different sector. In the survey, manufacturing unit confirms being tenth largest in the world economy which shows the significance of manufacturers in worldwide economy. Designing and leadership quality of HR proves to be the r eason behind success or failure of businesses as they are the ones who are responsible for smooth running of firms. According to the survey made, many small scale industries are becoming aware of how to use human recourse management effectively to bring growth and stability in their firms. While this study applies to public sector, its findings are useful in my study of manufacturing sector because this article will help me in finding out possible challenges in future course of business. The focus of human resource development as surveyed in the article also shows the need for HRM in manufacturing units along with finding out ways to build superior workforce. Strategies, standards and development policies to implement sound HR department as mentioned in the article will also give a new approach in my further study in manufacturing sector. This article also states few challenges faced by manufactures situated worldwide like global competition, recruiting of desired skill labour, employee retention due to lack of opportunities of development, lack of training programmes etc. After reviewing the article, its findings will be used in my analysis on manufacturing sector by making initial plan while avoiding probable difficulties in labour management. The article also makes apparent the role of HR in manufacturing unit and different ways in which their capabilities can be utilised. This article examines advancements and increase in engagement of human resource department in manufacturing companies. The conventional methods those are replaced with technologically advanced means are discussed in this article along with describing few of its application benefits in present HR of manufacturing sector. Stringent laws and regulations related to effective work policies require to be considered for which HR of manufacturing companys need taking significant steps. This becomes the basic purpose of the article where the researchers have given background to give light upon usual HR functions while discussing role of HR managers. The research methodology of the article is making of investigation through electronic mediums and database. The article has surveyed many organisations using different techniques along with finding technical ways to reduce errors in systems. The article finds out some of the roles performed by HR like performing recruitment function after attracti ng proficient employees and hiring of efficient resources, training of already present employees, professional development by generating interests among workers, giving appraisals to boost effectiveness, maintaining work culture for creating healthy environment, resolving conflicts especially in companies where diverse work force is visible and having sound knowledge of legal regulations to avoid conflicts. Evolution of economy in this globalised world has led the companys undertake new measures to keep up with the competition. While this study applies to public sector, its findings are useful in my study of manufacturing sector because it gives me profound knowledge about different roles and purpose of human resource department. The need for technical advancement along with understanding the requirement of new devices, as mentioned in the article, will help me in making further research in the topic. Since the article has mentioned all the key functions of HR, its findings will be utilised in my further analysis of the topic by making a detailed research on the mentioned roles of HR in manufacturing sector. The advanced technologies that can provide assistance to the present HR teams shall also be studied so that advancements in HR system can be made more scientifically. Human resource has always limited its study to individual practices only but this article has given scope for lookin g more technical ways in which HR of companies can get assisted. This article examines importance of strategic human resource management in firms where expansion of business is visible in global context. While recognising current era and human values in emphasising managers to align business with HR policies, this article explores facts and figures that can effect globalisation of SHRM of manufacturing sector. The basic purpose behind this article is to give an insight about the importance of strategic human development in industries to gain sustainability. The research methodology undertaken in this article is using of historical reviews for assessment of impacts of globalisation in current HRM. The diverse workforces whether in manufacturing or service sector has made HR managers adopt strategic approach to human resource development so that workforce diversity can be integrated effectively and with alignment of present business needs. The article concludes with recognition of human capital values and essentials of business organisations to give strategic approach in their operations under universal marketplace. The graphical representation of collected data along with brief literature review made in the article states the importance of developing strategic HR management in manufacturing units along with other public sector. While this study applies to public sector, its findings are useful in my study of manufacturing sector as this article lays the requirement of enabling strategic approach in it. The benefits of SHRM can improve the managerial activities by giving value to competitive employees and reasons to diversify workforce in global context. The key challenges faced by HR managers to integrate and organise international operations is related to corresponding forces where concept of strategic HR management is required. Like all other public sectors, manufacturing sector also demands recognising strategic approach in maintaining human capital so that present difficulties visualised can be reduced. Although this article does not focus on any particular sector, its findings made in global context cover issues and professional approach adopted in all sectors that also includes manufacturing sector. I will use the finding of this article in my study of manufacturing sector by getting knowledge about i mportance of strategic approach in its HR development. The framework and analysis made in the form of tables and figure in this article gives an overview of present state of HR practices and global HR models of organisations situated worldwide. This analysis can be researched further to get detailed information about present practices in manufacturing sectors. This article examines whether more advanced method or process of selection and recruitment can reduce staff turnover or not. The basic purpose behind research finds out present recruitment and selection process employed by manufacturing units and looks upon other alternatives that can be applied by them to reduce staff turnover. Distribution of questionnaire among employees and recruiters to get feedback on recruitment process is the main research methodology adopted in this article. The research observed general functions at work places while carrying out interviews to get access to the information regarding why individuals were leaving their position. The article finds out other alternatives for recruitment and selection process that can be undertaken by manufacturing units. Since manufacturing units are identifying problems related to staff turnover, recruitment and selection processes are under suspect which is analysed in this research paper. Suggestions for improvement has also been made at the end keeping in mind the opportunities for further exploration of theories relating recruitment and selection process that can improve effectiveness in manufacturing industry. The article concludes with looking upon advantages and disadvantages of present HR policies in manufacturing sector. This comparison makes further requirement for studying of the present system as well as principles mentioned in the article. While this study applies to the public sector, its findings are useful in my study of manufacturing sector as literature review presented in this article addresses the need for structured approach to recruitment and selection process in manufacturing units. The article outlines the needs for filling right person in right place to bring competitive advantage in organisations. The research made also discovers the link between rate of turnover and recruitment system by identifying alternative recruitment systems. Job designing principles in this study also gives an insight about the ways through which an effective job designing can be made in manufacturing sector. I will use the findings of this article for analysing manufacturing sectors recruitments and selection processes along with job designing methods and interviewing ways. Along with it, the articles finding on alternative methods will give reason for my further study on reason behind difficulties in manufacturing sector. This article examines the key to reserve human capital and the need to involve human management in organisations. According to the article, companies that involve innovative performance produce more desired outputs than traditional practitioners. The research also gives emphasis on delegating decisions through HRM practices after making room for appraisals and rewards. Drawing attention towards innovation after making a brief study about current practices along with sharing knowledge will also give a boost to manufacturing sector. The purpose behind this research is to reflect the emerging trend in HRM and innovation study. Since firms nowadays are adopting more integrated approach to sustain in competitive market, manufacturing sectors according to the article requires fair consideration. The literature review made in this article engages external knowledge with present literature to find out the reason behind innovation. The research methodology undertaken in the article comprises of surveys and discussions on the role of human resource management practices along with making a comparative study. Influence of individual practice matters in overall growth of industry which can be done by making periodical comparison between them. The article finds new methods of communication between employees and workers that can make innovation process simpler and thus resulting in effective HR practice. While this study applies to public sector, its findings are useful in my study of manufacturing sector because literature review made on innovation and development of individual practise can provide manufacturing sectors with new approach. By identifying its importance the present condition of manufacturers will get boosted if they share their knowledge with others of similar background. According to the article, human resource management practice organizes training arrangements on the basis of reward formation and by setting of teams according to the work allotment. If manufacturing sectors gets sound HR management which can apply these innovative techniques, it can elevate entire industry considerably. Therefore, I will use its findings to analyse manufacturing sector by making further research on more advanced and innovative process that can reduce difficulties in manufacturing sector. The surveys made in this article will help me get a knowledge about present practices that needs to be developed. Recommendations made in the article will also be utilised further keeping in mind about its advantages for my study. References: Shrivastava, R., 2017. HR development in manufacturing sector. [Online] Available at: https://www.peoplematters.in/article/strategic-hr/hr-development-in-manufacturing-sector-14992. R., V.S.a.G., 2011. THE IMPLICATIONS OF IMPLEMENTING ELECTRONIC- HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (E-HRM) SYSTEMS IN COMPANIES. [Online] Available at: https://bioinfopublication.org/files/articles/2_1_1_JISC.pdf. Alharthey, B.K., 2018. Review on Globalization and Importance of Strategic Human Resource Management. [Online] Available at: https://ijsrm.in/index.php/ijsrm/article/view/1338. Quinn, D., 2014. An evaluation of the recruitment and selection process employed by Manufacturing Company X and assessing whether a more advanced process or method of recruitment and selection may reduce staff turnover. [Online] Available at: https://trap.ncirl.ie/1756/1/darylquinn.pdf. Foss, K.L.a.N.J., 2012. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND INNOVATION. [Online] Available at: https://www.druid.dk/laursen/files/Handbook_of_Innovation_Management_LaursenFoss.pdf.

Witch Hunts And Church Essay Example For Students

Witch Hunts And Church Essay I am a witch, now please kill me! Many innocent women happily welcomed death byconfessing to witchcraft in order to end their excruciating torture during thewitch hunt craze between 1450 and 1750. Since many records were lost, destroyedor never kept, the best estimation of the total deaths is several million (4). The main cause of the witch hunts was the Church inflicting fear upon the commonand educated man by lying to them about what witches do and who they are. TheChurch also directly and indirectly increased the pain that accused women wouldgo through during their torture. The Church made it clear, to all those whowould listen, that all women were evil and capable of witchcraft. TheBibles Apocrypha states, ?Of woman came the beginning of sin / And thanksto her, we all must die.'(Apocrypha, Ecclesiasticus 25:13-26.) (2). Viciouscomments like this caused even women themselves to fear what other women may do. We will write a custom essay on Witch Hunts And Church specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This fear only lead to the distrust of woman. A book written by two German men,titled Malleus Maleficarum, The Hammer of Witches, only furthered peoplesfear of womens evil. It states that women are more likely to become witches:?Because the female sex is more concerned with things of the flesh thenmen; because being formed from a mans rib, they are only ?imperfectanimals and ?crooked where as man belongs to a privileged sex from whosemidst Christ emerged. (Malleus Maleficarum, 1486)(2). The men that wroteMalleus Maleficarum refer to the bible for reasons to why they consider womenevil, so if the Church had never incorporated such things into the bible suchthings may have never been thought. Many ancient myths portrayed goddesss asevil. Consequently those images of evil were kept and later attached to witcheswho kept goddess worship alive centuries later (4). Even devotion to the VirginMary (who is the biological mother of Jesus) was considered an indication ofevil (2). One women, nam ed Aldonca de Vargas, was even reported just for smilingat the mention of the Virgin Mary (Henry Kamen, Inquisition and Society inSpain) (2). Once a women was accused of witchcraft she would first have toconfess in order to be executed. The torturing of accused women was sounbelievably horrid and sadistic that you would think a man of low standingwould be the one to carry it out, but sadly it was the men of educated positionssuch as bishops, judges, professors and others. By doing the torture themselvesit set them in a position of fear throughout the community and it is even saidthat after the execution of a wealthy witch, officials themselves to a banquet at the expense of the victims estate. (BarbaraWalker)(2). All of the victims estate became the property of thegovernment as soon as they were accused. The torture was done in such abusinesslike fashion that the relatives were charged for the victims torture anddeath (4). They were charged for such things as the ropes that bound th em andthe wood that burned them. (Barbara Walker).(2). Some methods of torturingthe accused witches into confessing were thumbscrews, whips, red-hot tongs, andthe rack, this lead to there bones being crushed, limbs severed and fleshseared. After being locked up and tortured for days on end, most women wouldconfess in order to die and some would also accuse neighbors and friends hopingto end their own pain (4). Another method of determining the guilt of theaccused was to stab needles into her eyes and if an insensitive spot was foundthen she was considered guilty. A Spanish church even went as far as to conforma statue of the Virgin Mary into a device of torture. They did this by coveringthe front side of the statue with sharp knives and nails, then they used leversto make the arms of the statue crush the accused against the knives and nails(Jean Plaidy, The Spanish Inquisition) (2). Men would also brutally attack thebreasts and genitals of accused witches if they became sexually aro used aroundher, because it was thought that the ?witch caused them to be. Theyattacked the breasts and genitals with pincers, red-hot irons and pliers (2). .uf68de543ffb9324443d4f987375c2da1 , .uf68de543ffb9324443d4f987375c2da1 .postImageUrl , .uf68de543ffb9324443d4f987375c2da1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf68de543ffb9324443d4f987375c2da1 , .uf68de543ffb9324443d4f987375c2da1:hover , .uf68de543ffb9324443d4f987375c2da1:visited , .uf68de543ffb9324443d4f987375c2da1:active { border:0!important; } .uf68de543ffb9324443d4f987375c2da1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf68de543ffb9324443d4f987375c2da1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf68de543ffb9324443d4f987375c2da1:active , .uf68de543ffb9324443d4f987375c2da1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf68de543ffb9324443d4f987375c2da1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf68de543ffb9324443d4f987375c2da1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf68de543ffb9324443d4f987375c2da1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf68de543ffb9324443d4f987375c2da1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf68de543ffb9324443d4f987375c2da1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf68de543ffb9324443d4f987375c2da1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf68de543ffb9324443d4f987375c2da1 .uf68de543ffb9324443d4f987375c2da1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf68de543ffb9324443d4f987375c2da1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Child Abuse EssayThe Churches not only condoned all methods of witch torture but some churchmembers would even perform the torture themselves. A bishop of Wurtzburg wasproud to claim the lives of 1900 witchcraft accused people in five years (2). Churchmen portrayed the healing woman as the most evil of all witches. William Perkins declared, ?The most horrible and detestable monsteris thegood witch.' (2). The Church declared this because they believe that Godshould be the only one to heal and consequently anyone who was found with herbaloils or ointments could be charged with witchcraft. Midwifes were most oftenthought to be witches because of their knowledge of herbs to relieve laborpains. The Church thought it was a sin to help ease a womens labor painsbecause of Gods sentence upon Eve in which she and all women following hershall be plagued with labor pains (2). Even influential people such as MartinLuther stated his believe about childbirth when he wrote, If becometired or even did, that does not matter. Let them die in childbirth that is whythey are there. (2). When chloroform was introduced to help decrease laborpains the Church strongly opposed it. A New England minister even went as far asto call chloroform a decoy of Satan. (2) The Church made it incrediblyeasy to accuse people of witc hcraft. At first only ugly or deformed old womenwere suspected of witchcraft but soon anyone who looked or acted different was aprime suspect. One Scottish woman was even convicted of witchcraft after washingan unhealthy child because of its rarity (2). Eventually all women were a targetfor accusations. If someone felt guilty after turning away a person in need thenthey could accuse that person of witchcraft because of the belief that theycaused them to feel guilty (2). It was so easy to get a witch executed that in1586 every female except two were executed from two different villages (2). TheChurches mentally sick and demented ways of viewing witched and women didntstop with the end of the witch hunting craze in the 17 hundreds it continuesstill today. In 1976 Elizabeth Hahn, a poor spinster who lived in a small Germanvillage, was accused of witchcraft and was suspected to keep devils agents inthe form of dogs. Her neighbors threatened to beat her to death with rocks butinstead the y burnt down her house in which she was badly burnt and her animalswere killed. And in 1981 a Mexican mob stoned a women to death after suspectingher of the witchcraft, that they believed caused the attack upon Pope John PaulII. (2). I feel that it is because men ran churches that witch hunting got soout of hand. I love Helen Ellerbes following statement: It is hardlysurprising that women who not only possessed medicinal knowledge but who usedthat knowledge to comfort and care for other women would become prime suspectsof witchcraft. (Helen Ellerbe, The Dark Side of Christian History)(2). In onecomplete sentence Helen was able to sum up womens early medical knowledge andtheir ability to care for one another. What the Church did to women, witches ornot, sickens me as it should sicken every conscious living soul. They used theirpower and also their fear of losing that power to execute millions of innocentwomen. Not only did they execute them but they tortured them in unthinkableways. The Church and men alike should be forever sorry for their part in thewitch hunting craze.